Moisture of the tongue is maintained by the saliva. However, with a lack of salivary flow the tongue can become extremely dry, sore and red causing discomfort and even a burning feeling to the patient.

Patients with dry mouth are at a higher risk of developing tooth decay. Saliva helps maintain a neutral pH in the mouth and aids with food clearance. A lack of saliva can cause difficulties in buffering the acids caused by bacteria or ingested foods. Caries as a result of dry mouth occurs on the incised or occlusal edges and in the cervical region.

Due to the lack of cleansing action provided by normal salivary volume and flow, patients can experience bad breath.

A lack of moisture can cause sores on the lips, split skin at the corners of the lips and cracked, dry lips.

Patients with dry mouth may be at increased risk of gum disease. With a reduced salivary flow bacteria and plaque will not be flushed from the mouth and is more likely to attack the teeth and gums.